I have two thoughts on this. I'll preface this by pointing out that I've not personally practiced golf with that kind of intensity, but I don't think golf is specifically better or worse than other activities in this regard.
First, in addition to being sure that you're practicing effectively, with good form, etc, you also want to be sure that you're taking care of yourself. A couple hundred balls a day is not an absurd amount, but it's enough that you want to be sure you're warming up and cooling down effectively. Stretching before and after the exertion and taking care not to add wear and tear, e.g., by gripping too tightly will be important. Pay attention to your body as well---little aches and sore spots can be early warnings, so take it easy for a while if something feels off.
Second, don't burn yourself out psychologically. Your goal should be to put in solid practice each day, not to make some number of swings. If you can set performance-oriented goals, those are the best. This is both to keep yourself from burning out and to help avoid getting into the mindset of hitting balls just for the sake of hitting them. The latter is something I have trouble with sometimes, and something that's fed by buying golf balls by the bucket---it's hard to stop when you're done if you still have some balls left. Since you're not paying per-ball any more, use that to your advantage. If you meet your goal after 30 or 50 balls for the day and you're feeling a little tired, you don't have to go and hit 50 or 150 more.
I would personally take a couple days off per week, perhaps just doing warm-up on those days but no intense practice.