I mainly play on city courses and city courses don't have an "ego" where they will inflate the scorecard. They are packed full of all types of players all the time because the price is right in the middle of a busy area.
At the tee box there are stone distances (which often differ from the scorecard), for example "481" yards, planted in the ground and are not moveable. They measure to the center of the green, I've asked before. The 200, 150, 100 yard posts are also planted in the ground and are inserted in concrete on the sides of the fairways. In between the posts are yard markers in the middle of the fairway that intersect the posts, and there are also 75, 125, and 175 yard markers in the fairway -- its a rather good system and it makes it rather easy to measure distance from the center of the green. Flagpost color marks where on the green the hole is (back, center, front).
When it comes to doglegs, downward sloping holes, raised tee boxes, etc -- I take all this into account. City courses generally don't' have these advantages for distance. Many of the holes are dead straight, which makes it rather easy to measure your distance off the tee. Off the top of my head at one local course, in the first 9 holes the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 8th, and 9th (elevated a bit) are all straight for over the first 300 yards.
I play at some courses where you can't count on the fairway markers at all so I understand what you are getting at. At this type of course, it is pretty much impossible to measure distance and the messed up distance markers makes approach shots rather tedious.
I have seen a consistency on these posts which many people seem to be taking lightly -- that people who have previously played other swinging sports, for me its baseball, already have the main parts of the swing down. It is easier for me to hit my driver 285 yards on the fairway or slightly off it than it is for me to hit it 40 feet from the hole from 150 out.
With the driver, it never touches the ground so the shot does not need to be perfect, you just need a connection which is very similar to baseball. When hitting with irons, you must hit the ball in the ground at the precise time to get a clean hit or else you will hit it fat or thin. For me, it is easier to hit the driver cleanly than it is to hit my irons. The driver swing came first, now I am working on the irons.
For those that have been playing baseball for a long time the golf swing comes naturally. I am not saying all baseball players will be hitting the ball 300 yards, but I am saying that hitting a driver will come easier than most.