I would first figure out what your budget is and plan around that or else you could end up spending waaay too much. If you need to get some equipment and a few lessons, I'd say about $400-500 is minimum you want to start out with as it would get you a decent set of clubs and some lessons.
There are a few ways to approach this. What I did when I started out is I purchased all my clubs used and in an orderly fashion. First, buy the irons (used), a golf bag (new), and a putter (either), as these are the 3 essential items you'll need to play on the course...along with a ball of course. As you get better and more experienced, buy a 5 wood, a 3 wood, and finally (most importantly LAST) is the driver. Or, if you decide you suck and want to quit, you haven't really bought all that much equipment and you can limit your losses to half a set of clubs.
I'd try to find a nice used set of Silver Scott 845's, Ben Hogan's, RAM's, Taylor Mades, etc. You can probably buy new Dunlops in that range. Typically, I find that the package deals where you get all the clubs for $200 turn out to be really cheap and break. Get less stuff for $200 (read: don't feel like you have to buy every club for your bag now), but get quality stuff. Then once you get a hankerin for some golf, get some shoes, a nice pair of knickers, an argyle sweater vest, and a kangol hat or two.
Given your age and size, I highly recommend that you purchase irons with steel shaft (stay away from graphite), and ask the guy at the store (golf store, asking someone at Target will get you blank stares) to match you with either Stiff or Regular flex shafts (I would recommend regular if you're new and learning).
You said. "Well to start I would like to learn enough that I can go out and play some golf without making myself look like a complete fool."
Believe it or not, looking like a fool on the golf course is all about attitude. If you're a prick who tosses clubs around after a bad shot or swears all the time, you'll be a fool. If you have a great attitude, do your best to have fun and enjoy yourself just being out there, you'll look like the coolest dude ever.
Good Luck.