I try to keep it simple on the course but still provide a lot of data. For example by noting fist putt distance and second putt distance, I can later chart total putts, avg miss distance, avg miss distance from x feet, 3putt %, 3putt% from x feet, proximity to pin of approach shot, and much more.
My scorecard typically has 5 lines, which I mark as follows:
1 - Tee club (i.e., D, 3w, 4i, etc)/fairway (x/check mark)/distance (i usually skip this)
2 - Approach distance/club (i.e. 9i 138)
3 - Shot type/distance from pin (blank if GIR, otherwise something C 20 or P 45)
4 - First putt distance (just a number in feet)
5 - Second putt distance (just a number in feet)
From this information, I could track all of the following:
FIR
GIR
Approach proximity
driving (or other tee shot) distance)
U/D
chip/pitch proximity to hole
putts
putt/GIR
But these can also be broken up into distances. So I make a chart in google docs that shows from 80-90 yards I hit the green x% of the time and when I do i'm normally x feet from the hole. And when I have a 20 foot putt I make it 2% of the time, miss by an average of 2 feet, 2 putt 80% of the time, and three putt 17% of the time.
I've yet to make good use of this information.