Originally Posted by
zeg 
Yep, you cannot mark and lift except on the putting surface, if embedded through the green, or if LC&P are in effect. In all these situations, you definitely cannot SWITCH balls---unless your ball is lost or OB, you need to replace or drop the ball that was in play. Thus, even in a casual (but by-the-rules) round, you cannot legally switch out for a putting ball. In a casual round, however, you could choose to use a distance ball on a long hole, then use a control ball for a touchy par 3. You just can't substitute between teeing off and holing out unless you encounter a rule that specifically permits substitution (and these aren't usually situations you want to find yourself in!).
As zeg here points out it is called Lift, Clean & Place (not Replace) as the ball may be placed at a spot other than where it was lifted from.
Just one clarification to the bolded sentence. There are numerous Rules that allow a player to substitute his ball even though original ball has not been lost. Examples of these are Rules 24-2, 25-1 (if original ball is not immediately recoverable) and 26-1 and 28 at player's will.
Originally Posted by
kevinbomb123 
EXAMPLE: PLAYER 1 DRIVES OFF TEE USING A NIKE ONE VAPOR GOLF BALL. PLAYER ONE HITS SHOT ABOUT 20 YARDS FROM GREEN. PLAYER 1 MARKS BALL CLEANS BALL AND REPLACES WITH A NIKE ONE TOUR GOLF BALL. is this a legal move?
Player is in breach of two Rules here: 18-2a and 15-2. However, player incurs a penalty of two strokes (Rule 18, last paragraph before Note 1):
*If a player who is required to replace a ball fails to do so, or if he
makes a stroke at a ball substituted under Rule 18 when such
substitution is not permitted, he incurs the general penalty for breach
of Rule 18, but there is no additional penalty under this Rule.
Originally Posted by
kevinbomb123 
p.s can one clean a ball from the fairway?
Rule 21 says:
A ball on the putting green may be cleaned when lifted under Rule
16-1b. Elsewhere, a ball may be cleaned when lifted, except when it
has been lifted:
a. To determine if it is unfit for play (Rule 5-3);
b. For identification (Rule 12-2), in which case it may be cleaned only
to the extent necessary for identification; or
c. Because it is assisting or interfering with play (Rule 22).
If a player cleans his ball during play of a hole except as provided in
this Rule, he incurs a penalty of one stroke and the ball, if lifted, must
be replaced.